The empirical evidence seems quite mixed.

In fact, I´m quite critical regarding the “How-can-we-create-another-Silicon-Valley” approach: every regional cluster has to create its own model. Looking at competing territories´s best practices sounds good, but in the case of Paris, I believe what´s going on there is very, very unique and only applicable to France: good if not excellent transport infrastructure allowing departmental commuting, high-end quality of education, more and more VC available – but one big shortcoming: lack of angel funding.