Comments on: The University of Phoenix and the Economic Organization of Higher Education http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/ Economics of organizations, strategy, entrepreneurship, innovation, and more Thu, 24 Jul 2008 03:38:46 +0000 http://wordpress.org/?v=MU By: mari http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-70380 mari Mon, 19 May 2008 16:18:13 +0000 http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-70380 I am sorry, it should have read financial analyst. I am sorry, it should have read financial analyst.

]]> By: mari http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-70377 mari Sun, 18 May 2008 23:58:23 +0000 http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-70377 I too graduated from UOP with my Masters in 2004. I have a very great job as a financial analysis . While attending UOP, I learned so much from other students, who were mostly working professionals. The discussions were so indepth and filled with real world experiences. The reason I am stating this is because I was very impressed with the caliber of knowledge some of my classmates were bringing to the discussion. These were people who were managers, and seasoned employees of some very reputable companies. I, like the poster a few comments above, also loved the fact that the professors were teaching on subjects they knew through work. They were doing and performing the job on a daily basis bringing real relevance to the subject,and not just teaching subjects they learned about while pursuing a teaching degree. Though the class discussions, I felt the passion some of my professors had for the subject because they are doing a job they loved and fetl passionate about. The team work part of the curriculum was very effectual for me because it was modeled off of what really goes on in the real world in regards to business projects. In order for a project to be successful, there has to be a team assembled to get it done. As with any team you are going to have your slackers who may ride along for the time being, eventually that person gets caught because they will have to do their own individual project and if they consistently don't deliver , then it is clear that they are not operating up to standard. I agree that a degree from the UOP is not for everyone. I think it suits those individuals who are more open to independent learning and to those who like new challenges and experiences. I got my undergrad from a brick and mortar institution and my grad from UOP. I can truly say that I got more of a well rounded education at UOP and found the professors to be more knowledgeable on the subjects from a real world point of view. I too graduated from UOP with my Masters in 2004. I have a very great job as a financial analysis . While attending UOP, I learned so much from other students, who were mostly working professionals. The discussions were so indepth and filled with real world experiences. The reason I am stating this is because I was very impressed with the caliber of knowledge some of my classmates were bringing to the discussion. These were people who were managers, and seasoned employees of some very reputable companies. I, like the poster a few comments above, also loved the fact that the professors were teaching on subjects they knew through work. They were doing and performing the job on a daily basis bringing real relevance to the subject,and not just teaching subjects they learned about while pursuing a teaching degree. Though the class discussions, I felt the passion some of my professors had for the subject because they are doing a job they loved and fetl passionate about. The team work part of the curriculum was very effectual for me because it was modeled off of what really goes on in the real world in regards to business projects. In order for a project to be successful, there has to be a team assembled to get it done. As with any team you are going to have your slackers who may ride along for the time being, eventually that person gets caught because they will have to do their own individual project and if they consistently don’t deliver , then it is clear that they are not operating up to standard. I agree that a degree from the UOP is not for everyone. I think it suits those individuals who are more open to independent learning and to those who like new challenges and experiences. I got my undergrad from a brick and mortar institution and my grad from UOP. I can truly say that I got more of a well rounded education at UOP and found the professors to be more knowledgeable on the subjects from a real world point of view.

]]> By: sage http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-70024 sage Sat, 12 Apr 2008 22:04:17 +0000 http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-70024 For some UoP students, preparation may make a difference in their UoP experience. For preparation, e.g. discussing syllabus with upcoming classmates, you can try this: http://216.240.154.224/uopforum/ For some UoP students, preparation may make a difference in their UoP experience. For preparation, e.g. discussing syllabus with upcoming classmates, you can try this:

http://216.240.154.224/uopforum/

]]> By: Cathy http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-69731 Cathy Sun, 02 Mar 2008 05:30:11 +0000 http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-69731 The problems with UOP are deeper than most here realize. In a case out of California, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ex rel. ) MARY HENDOW and JULIE ALBERTSON,) )2:03-cv-457-GEB-DAD Plaintiffs,) v.)UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX,) Defendant.) the tremendous amount of fraud is being exposed in a case the US Supreme Court ruled needed to be heard when they tried to dismiss it. We are not speaking of they have problems, we are talking of an enormous case of fraud committed against consumers and the United States Government itself. Adding to that the United States Justice Department informed the Judges, they agree and support the lawsuit as did the Federal Board of Education against Apollo Group Inc. the parent of UOP. There is noted an apparent increase since the case came to light against students who may or may not provide potential testimony as the case grows. Few if any of the Professors have been certified to teach a class. Lee Finkel head of the Office Of Dispute Management is actually an INsurance Liability Attorney in Arizona, so the odds of a student resolution appearing from work, he has published, is always going to be in favor of UOP to increase stock for stockholders. The majority of their counselors are not qualified to recommend anything to anyone and the financial has a goal to increase stock pay offs for stock holders. Their own stock holders sued them for fraud and won just months ago. The Founder John Fueler has failed at almost all other enterprises he has engaged in. One involved charging 50k for the cloning of pets, folded. He promotes the legalization of illegal drugs on the Street and has a open attitude of I can do as I wish irregardless of Government laws, which has been published repeatedly. They hire those associated with Government connections from the inside in order to gain clout to pull of what any other College would be prosecuted for. Though they receive accrediting, that involves a ten year span for recertification between. At this time, with the rulings and investigations by the Fed. Dept. Of Education, whatever accrediting they have received is overthrown by fines and charges from 9 million dollar fines of EEOC violations to fines for stealing from the Government. Why actual prosecution has not occurred to key figures in this scam is something that has never been addressed. The problems with UOP are deeper than most here realize. In a case out of California, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ex rel. )
MARY HENDOW and JULIE ALBERTSON,)
)2:03-cv-457-GEB-DAD
Plaintiffs,)
v.)UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX,)
Defendant.)
the tremendous amount of fraud is being exposed in a case the US Supreme Court ruled needed to be heard when they tried to dismiss it. We are not speaking of they have problems, we are talking of an enormous case of fraud committed against consumers and the United States Government itself. Adding to that the United States Justice Department informed the Judges, they agree and support the lawsuit as did the Federal Board of Education against Apollo Group Inc. the parent of UOP. There is noted an apparent increase since the case came to light against students who may or may not provide potential testimony as the case grows. Few if any of the Professors have been certified to teach a class. Lee Finkel head of the Office Of Dispute Management is actually an INsurance Liability Attorney in Arizona, so the odds of a student resolution appearing from work, he has published, is always going to be in favor of UOP to increase stock for stockholders. The majority of their counselors are not qualified to recommend anything to anyone and the financial has a goal to increase stock pay offs for stock holders. Their own stock holders sued them for fraud and won just months ago. The Founder John Fueler has failed at almost all other enterprises he has engaged in. One involved charging 50k for the cloning of pets, folded. He promotes the legalization of illegal drugs on the Street and has a open attitude of I can do as I wish irregardless of Government laws, which has been published repeatedly. They hire those associated with Government connections from the inside in order to gain clout to pull of what any other College would be prosecuted for. Though they receive accrediting, that involves a ten year span for recertification between. At this time, with the rulings and investigations by the Fed. Dept. Of Education, whatever accrediting they have received is overthrown by fines and charges from 9 million dollar fines of EEOC violations to fines for stealing from the Government. Why actual prosecution has not occurred to key figures in this scam is something that has never been addressed.

]]> By: thomas http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-69303 thomas Tue, 29 Jan 2008 22:08:36 +0000 http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-69303 Jacqueline wrote: "Another encouraging thing is that UOP is listed on my resume as my graduating school, and I have been called for numerous job interviews, and am happy to say that approximately 65% of those who interviewed me were UOP graduates or are taking advanced degree classes with UOP." I have had the same experience with my UOP education degree. I am 32 years old and starting out. My only problem is that I have so many tests to take. As a result, I am working as a substitute teacher. I also placed my resume on careerbuilder and have been contacted numerouss times from different places, even from places not in my field. Jacqueline wrote: “Another encouraging thing is that UOP is listed on my resume as my graduating school, and I have been called for numerous job interviews, and am happy to say that approximately 65% of those who
interviewed me were UOP graduates or are taking advanced degree classes with UOP.”

I have had the same experience with my UOP education degree. I am 32 years old and starting out. My only problem is that I have so many tests to take. As a result, I am working as a substitute teacher. I also placed my resume on careerbuilder and have been contacted numerouss times from different places, even from places not in my field.

]]> By: peter http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-24203 peter Wed, 23 May 2007 14:51:38 +0000 http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-24203 Accreditation is a scam anyways. Athabasca university just got their accreditation also Mount Royal, and a few others just got this. What this means is if you got it before they got accredited, the degree is worthless. Companies are always asking for accredited degrees, I would like to ask a HR person, name 2 accreditation bodies? or what is the criteria for accreditation? Accreditation is a scam anyways. Athabasca university just got their accreditation also Mount Royal, and a few others just got this. What this means is if you got it before they got accredited, the degree is worthless. Companies are always asking for accredited degrees, I would like to ask a HR person, name 2 accreditation bodies? or what is the criteria for accreditation?

]]> By: Irene http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-19045 Irene Tue, 24 Apr 2007 14:09:08 +0000 http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-19045 All great points, Jacqueline. Certainly, I owe much of my good experience with the U of P to my pre-existing facility with on-line interfaces. I would not advise people who are not comfortable on the Internet to go this route. One thing I just learned that I found interesting is that Columbia University, the home of the business professor who called the U of P MBA an "MBA-Lite", attempted to launch an online product but closed their virtual school in 2003 because of lack of interest. The NYT article did not mention Columbia's failed attempt, an omission I find inappropriate and unprofessional as it certainly has the potential of changing the faculty's opinion of firms that have succeeded in the field. I'm delighted to hear that you are having no problems with credibility with your degree. I'm fortunate enough to already have a great job (one that paid for my UoP degree, in fact), and so I haven't had to test-drive my diploma's value on a resume. It's good to know that it's well regarded. Good luck with your search. Best, Irene All great points, Jacqueline. Certainly, I owe much of my good experience with the U of P to my pre-existing facility with on-line interfaces. I would not advise people who are not comfortable on the Internet to go this route.

One thing I just learned that I found interesting is that Columbia University, the home of the business professor who called the U of P MBA an “MBA-Lite”, attempted to launch an online product but closed their virtual school in 2003 because of lack of interest. The NYT article did not mention Columbia’s failed attempt, an omission I find inappropriate and unprofessional as it certainly has the potential of changing the faculty’s opinion of firms that have succeeded in the field.

I’m delighted to hear that you are having no problems with credibility with your degree. I’m fortunate enough to already have a great job (one that paid for my UoP degree, in fact), and so I haven’t had to test-drive my diploma’s value on a resume. It’s good to know that it’s well regarded. Good luck with your search.

Best,
Irene

]]> By: Jacqueline http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-18548 Jacqueline Sun, 22 Apr 2007 16:12:20 +0000 http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-18548 I am a graduate of UOP on ground learning. Most of the negative feedbacks that I've encountered, were geared towards the online learning program. Nevertheless, I must reiterate what so many has done before, and that is "what you put in is what you get out." I love the fact that my facilitators are "Experienced" professionals in their fields and not just a professor with a Harvard degree. I believe that the best teachers in life are those whom have endured the hardship of experience. We must ask ourselves, what if our driving instructors only took driving lessons but never actually had the experience of everyday driving, would you feel comfortable with having him or her teach you? What if the surgeons and doctors were only graduates but no intern experience, would you allow he or she to examine or perform surgery on you? Sure Ivy league colleges are great, but would it make sense that I've graduated with a C average and have learned nothing? I have had no problem with my learning experience at UOP and found the professors more willing to work with you to gain a better understanding of what they are trying to teach you. I have been to both traditional and non-traditional classes and UOP is no different apart from the way their classes are structured. There are papers to write, books to read, exams to take ( in some cases), in class discussions and so forth. The only difference with what I have learned at UOP from what I learned from a "traditional college", is that there are learning simulations which gives you real life scenarios in which you are placed as a major deciding factor in problem solving; that experience, I did not get from a traditional college. Sure UOP is a bit expensive, but when you think of all the pre-requisites that you are forced to take at the traditional college and the cose of books, y ou are basically spending the same amount of money or even more. Another encouraging thing is that UOP is listed on my resume as my graduating school, and I have been called for numerous job interviews, and am happy to say that approximately 65% of those who interviewed me were UOP graduates or are taking advanced degree classes with UOP. The bottom line is, there will always be those who will try to discredit that which is over taking the traditional way of doing things, I just basically sum it up as fear of change. Moreover, theose who are criticizing the UOP way of doing things are secretly adopting to the UOP way. They are now seeing the need to cater to the working adult as more and more people, working adults as well as freshly graduated high school students, are looking for ways to get their education without having to take pre-requisites that has no relations to their field of study as well as are looking for the ability to work and attend school full time without having to sacrafice 4-5 days out of a week in a classroom. UOP has introduced an innovative way to cater to eduacational needs, this innovation is digging into the pockets of the traditional way of learning..........wouldn't you criticise and try to discredit those who are taking away your business? This attempt to discredit is just another tactic to put fear into the hearts and minds of those individuals looking into UOP as another way of obtaining their degree..yet in the meantime, those who are discrediting are ALSO offering the same structured curriculum. Whichever way you choose, I say do your research and then decide. Research both the pro's and the cons of traditional and non-traditional education. I am a graduate of UOP on ground learning. Most of the negative feedbacks that I’ve encountered, were geared towards the online learning program. Nevertheless, I must reiterate what so many has done before, and that is “what you put in is what you get out.”

I love the fact that my facilitators are “Experienced” professionals in their fields and not just a professor with a Harvard degree. I believe that the best teachers in life are those whom have endured the hardship of experience.

We must ask ourselves, what if our driving instructors only took driving lessons but never actually had the experience of everyday driving, would you feel comfortable with having him or her teach you? What if the surgeons and doctors were only graduates but no intern experience, would you allow he or she to examine or perform surgery on you? Sure Ivy league colleges are great, but would it make sense that I’ve graduated with a C average and have learned nothing?

I have had no problem with my learning experience at UOP and found the professors more willing to work with you to gain a better understanding of what they are trying to teach you.

I have been to both traditional and non-traditional classes and UOP is no different apart from the way their classes are structured. There are papers to write, books to read, exams to take ( in some cases), in class discussions and so forth. The only difference with what I have learned at UOP from what I learned from a “traditional college”, is that there are learning simulations which gives you real life scenarios in which you are placed as a major deciding factor in problem solving; that experience, I did not get from a traditional college.

Sure UOP is a bit expensive, but when you think of all the pre-requisites that you are forced to take at the traditional college and the cose of books, y ou are basically spending the same amount of money or even more.

Another encouraging thing is that UOP is listed on my resume as my graduating school, and I have been called for numerous job interviews, and am happy to say that approximately 65% of those who
interviewed me were UOP graduates or are taking advanced degree classes with UOP.

The bottom line is, there will always be those who will try to discredit that which is over taking the traditional way of doing things, I just basically sum it up as fear of change. Moreover, theose who are criticizing the UOP way of doing things are secretly adopting to the UOP way. They are now seeing the need to cater to the working adult as more and more people, working adults as well as freshly graduated high school students, are looking for ways to get their education without having to take pre-requisites that has no relations to their field of study as well as are looking for the ability to work and attend school full time without having to sacrafice 4-5 days out of a week in a classroom.
UOP has introduced an innovative way to cater to eduacational needs, this innovation is digging into the pockets of the traditional way of learning……….wouldn’t you criticise and try to discredit those who are taking away your business?

This attempt to discredit is just another tactic to put fear into the hearts and minds of those individuals looking into UOP as another way of obtaining their degree..yet in the meantime, those who are discrediting are ALSO offering the same structured curriculum.

Whichever way you choose, I say do your research and then decide. Research both the pro’s and the cons of traditional and non-traditional education.

]]> By: Joseph Wang http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-15862 Joseph Wang Mon, 09 Apr 2007 19:44:19 +0000 http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-15862 The reason that UoP teachers do it is to learn things. I learned a *HUGE* amount about online learning the first few classes I taught. After the fifth class, I wasn't getting anything new out of it. As far as social networks, it is reasonably easy to set up a social network online which is why it is a shame that the UoP refuses to do it for teachers. The student social support networks that exist for students are great, which is why I believe that there is a semi-conscious corporate reason why UoP doesn't do this with teachers. The problem is that if UoP starts allowing social networks among teachers to form, the administration is going to quickly lose control of the university. There are huge numbers of adjuncts and a very, very tiny number of administrators, and the only way that the administrators can keep control is to keep the adjuncts from talking with each other and organizing. I wanted UoP to teach business calculus. I'm sure that I wasn't the only adjunct that thought the same way. The problem with preventing teacher networks also applies to alumni networks. There are starting to be enough UoP alumni in enough places that UoP could certainly create a very powerful alumni association. The problem again is that the alumni association would very quickly take control of university from the administration. The ultimate problem is that unless UoP allows teacher networks and alumni networks to form, it's role is going to be vastly limited. The problem is that UoP is reaching the limits of what it can teach with its current model, and the pressure that people are putting on recruiters and the 40% of its income that UoP spends on recruitment is a symptom of this. The reason that UoP teachers do it is to learn things. I learned a *HUGE* amount about online learning the first few classes I taught. After the fifth class, I wasn’t getting anything new out of it.

As far as social networks, it is reasonably easy to set up a social network online which is why it is a shame that the UoP refuses to do it for teachers. The student social support networks that exist for students are great, which is why I believe that there is a semi-conscious corporate reason why UoP doesn’t do this with teachers. The problem is that if UoP starts allowing social networks among teachers to form, the administration is going to quickly lose control of the university. There are huge numbers of adjuncts and a very, very tiny number of administrators, and the only way that the administrators can keep control is to keep the adjuncts from talking with each other and organizing. I wanted UoP to teach business calculus. I’m sure that I wasn’t the only adjunct that thought the same way.

The problem with preventing teacher networks also applies to alumni networks. There are starting to be enough UoP alumni in enough places that UoP could certainly create a very powerful alumni association. The problem again is that the alumni association would very quickly take control of university from the administration.

The ultimate problem is that unless UoP allows teacher networks and alumni networks to form, it’s role is going to be vastly limited. The problem is that UoP is reaching the limits of what it can teach with its current model, and the pressure that people are putting on recruiters and the 40% of its income that UoP spends on recruitment is a symptom of this.

]]> By: Irene http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-15850 Irene Mon, 09 Apr 2007 19:21:02 +0000 http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2007/02/12/the-university-of-phoenix-and-the-economic-organization-of-higher-education/#comment-15850 Joseph, you make a good point about why teachers aren't keen on going to the U of P. I have often wondered why the teachers I had were doing it. I had some pretty good teachers who were making peanuts. Your other point, about setting up social networks, is a little tougher for me to agree with. I work for a very large, multinational corporation in a group of 45 people. Most of my group works from geographically disparate locations and most of us work from home. This group structure is fairly common now and I think most people will agree is becoming more common. Figuring how to get your point across via email and/or telephone and to make real interpersonal connections in a "virtual" environment is pretty much required for today's business professional. This will become more true as budgets for traveling to face-to-face meetings are cut and telecommunications connectivity improves even more. This is the sort of thing that I learned in an on-line graduate-school environment. I've made "friends" with whom I keep in touch via email from all over the globe, and I must confess that there were people I couldn't stand (having never laid eyes on them or heard their voices) just because of the way they presented themselves in written communication. I have run into some folks who extol the virtues of face-to-face communication and interaction simply because they are not willing to devote time and energy to learning the important nuances involved in written interaction. I also think that part of why we're more likely to forgo the whole social-network route at the U of P is that we're older, working professionals with full lives and plenty of friends already. We're not the same as when we first went to college at 18 and made our lifelong friends during those first three years. So we don't really NEED drinking buddies or best-friends-forever to come out of our supply-chain management class. We just need the supply-chain management part of it. I know that you weren't saying that forming a good-old-boy system is a benefit of a brick-and-mortar institution, but I often hear that point of view advanced as a disadvantage of on-line learning, that students are missing the whole “college experience”. Further, they won’t be able to rely on their U of P buddies to get them jobs the way they could impose upon their Cornell cronies to hire them over other candidates. I think the old fraternity system of loyalty-by-club is on its way to extinction anyway. I don’t know of many people who get jobs today because somebody they didn’t know went to the same school they did ten years prior and they can talk about where the local watering holes are. There are just too many other good ways to check out somebody’s credentials and abilities in this day and age. Joseph, you make a good point about why teachers aren’t keen on going to the U of P. I have often wondered why the teachers I had were doing it. I had some pretty good teachers who were making peanuts.

Your other point, about setting up social networks, is a little tougher for me to agree with. I work for a very large, multinational corporation in a group of 45 people. Most of my group works from geographically disparate locations and most of us work from home. This group structure is fairly common now and I think most people will agree is becoming more common. Figuring how to get your point across via email and/or telephone and to make real interpersonal connections in a “virtual” environment is pretty much required for today’s business professional. This will become more true as budgets for traveling to face-to-face meetings are cut and telecommunications connectivity improves even more. This is the sort of thing that I learned in an on-line graduate-school environment. I’ve made “friends” with whom I keep in touch via email from all over the globe, and I must confess that there were people I couldn’t stand (having never laid eyes on them or heard their voices) just because of the way they presented themselves in written communication. I have run into some folks who extol the virtues of face-to-face communication and interaction simply because they are not willing to devote time and energy to learning the important nuances involved in written interaction.

I also think that part of why we’re more likely to forgo the whole social-network route at the U of P is that we’re older, working professionals with full lives and plenty of friends already. We’re not the same as when we first went to college at 18 and made our lifelong friends during those first three years. So we don’t really NEED drinking buddies or best-friends-forever to come out of our supply-chain management class. We just need the supply-chain management part of it.

I know that you weren’t saying that forming a good-old-boy system is a benefit of a brick-and-mortar institution, but I often hear that point of view advanced as a disadvantage of on-line learning, that students are missing the whole “college experience”. Further, they won’t be able to rely on their U of P buddies to get them jobs the way they could impose upon their Cornell cronies to hire them over other candidates. I think the old fraternity system of loyalty-by-club is on its way to extinction anyway. I don’t know of many people who get jobs today because somebody they didn’t know went to the same school they did ten years prior and they can talk about where the local watering holes are. There are just too many other good ways to check out somebody’s credentials and abilities in this day and age.

]]>