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	<title>Comments on: Entrepreneurship and Capital Theory</title>
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	<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2008/02/16/entrepreneurship-and-capital-theory/</link>
	<description>Economics of organizations, strategy, entrepreneurship, innovation, and more</description>
	<pubDate>Wed, 03 Dec 2008 23:48:13 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>By: Joseph Mahoney</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2008/02/16/entrepreneurship-and-capital-theory/#comment-69572</link>
		<dc:creator>Joseph Mahoney</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 Feb 2008 12:02:42 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Thank you Prof. Lewin for sharing your insights.  I went to your home page on the web and I enjoyed reading several of your writings on your teacher Professor Lachmann.  When I was an undergraduate at the University of Pennsylvania I was inspired by economists such as Arthur Bloomfield, Irving Kravis, and Sidney Weintraub.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thank you Prof. Lewin for sharing your insights.  I went to your home page on the web and I enjoyed reading several of your writings on your teacher Professor Lachmann.  When I was an undergraduate at the University of Pennsylvania I was inspired by economists such as Arthur Bloomfield, Irving Kravis, and Sidney Weintraub.</p>
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		<title>By: Peter Lewin</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2008/02/16/entrepreneurship-and-capital-theory/#comment-69555</link>
		<dc:creator>Peter Lewin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Feb 2008 16:31:09 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>I think the neglect of Lachmann's contributions is attributable to a couple of things. 

1. His work on capital theory and radical uncertainty was insightful, but its implications were not obvious. Instead, at the time that he wrote, he could easily be interpreted as a depressing nihilist - telling us what we could not say but not what we should do. He work is pretty much devoid of policy strategy implications - or at least as it was read then. In retrospect, he may have been ahead of his time. The advent of the knowledge economy has rekindled interest in his work - mostly in the management sub-fields (and most recently in entrepreneurial studies - which is fitting since, as I have argued Lachmann was most influenced not only by Hayek, but also by Schumpeter). This is very gratifying and seems to have enormous potential - for empirical cases and applications of his insights. 

2. The second reason is related. I think Lachmann misunderstood the breadth of the heterogeneity of resources. So he missed its application to all aspects of human capital (including social and intellectual capital). He did deal with the nesting of capital structures within institutional structures - but this could have been and is now being taken much further.

PL.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think the neglect of Lachmann&#8217;s contributions is attributable to a couple of things. </p>
<p>1. His work on capital theory and radical uncertainty was insightful, but its implications were not obvious. Instead, at the time that he wrote, he could easily be interpreted as a depressing nihilist - telling us what we could not say but not what we should do. He work is pretty much devoid of policy strategy implications - or at least as it was read then. In retrospect, he may have been ahead of his time. The advent of the knowledge economy has rekindled interest in his work - mostly in the management sub-fields (and most recently in entrepreneurial studies - which is fitting since, as I have argued Lachmann was most influenced not only by Hayek, but also by Schumpeter). This is very gratifying and seems to have enormous potential - for empirical cases and applications of his insights. </p>
<p>2. The second reason is related. I think Lachmann misunderstood the breadth of the heterogeneity of resources. So he missed its application to all aspects of human capital (including social and intellectual capital). He did deal with the nesting of capital structures within institutional structures - but this could have been and is now being taken much further.</p>
<p>PL.</p>
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		<title>By: spostrel</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2008/02/16/entrepreneurship-and-capital-theory/#comment-69533</link>
		<dc:creator>spostrel</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Feb 2008 02:49:22 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>I would be concerned that "arrangement of resources" is a rather bloodless way of talking about the management effort needed to get resources combinations to do useful things. Talk more about exploiting new interactions among resources to create new surplus, or whatever locution gets at that best, and you'll focus your thought on the active work of management and entrepreneurship. It isn't just flower arrangement.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I would be concerned that &#8220;arrangement of resources&#8221; is a rather bloodless way of talking about the management effort needed to get resources combinations to do useful things. Talk more about exploiting new interactions among resources to create new surplus, or whatever locution gets at that best, and you&#8217;ll focus your thought on the active work of management and entrepreneurship. It isn&#8217;t just flower arrangement.</p>
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		<title>By: Rafe Champion</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2008/02/16/entrepreneurship-and-capital-theory/#comment-69532</link>
		<dc:creator>Rafe Champion</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 16 Feb 2008 22:50:06 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>I wondered what Latsis did after the 1970s with his paper on situational determinism which completely overlooked the elements of choice and discretion in decision-msking. And his active role in the Lakatosian diversion (aided by funds from his father)!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I wondered what Latsis did after the 1970s with his paper on situational determinism which completely overlooked the elements of choice and discretion in decision-msking. And his active role in the Lakatosian diversion (aided by funds from his father)!</p>
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		<title>By: Nicolai Foss</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2008/02/16/entrepreneurship-and-capital-theory/#comment-69531</link>
		<dc:creator>Nicolai Foss</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 16 Feb 2008 22:14:28 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Rafe, 
I think Knight and Mises could have agreed with this particular Lachmann quotation. 
Thanks for the pointer to the Popper piece. I know it quite well. Spiro Latsis has a nice paper from the 1980s where makes a bit use of Popper's distinction and the notion of plastic control (I am working on a paper with Teppo Felin where we discuss this notion).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Rafe,<br />
I think Knight and Mises could have agreed with this particular Lachmann quotation.<br />
Thanks for the pointer to the Popper piece. I know it quite well. Spiro Latsis has a nice paper from the 1980s where makes a bit use of Popper&#8217;s distinction and the notion of plastic control (I am working on a paper with Teppo Felin where we discuss this notion).</p>
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		<title>By: Rafe Champion</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2008/02/16/entrepreneurship-and-capital-theory/#comment-69530</link>
		<dc:creator>Rafe Champion</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 16 Feb 2008 22:01:30 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>More on "Clouds and Clocks" and the role of intentions and plans here, plus an early call on situational analysis for the human sciences. http://www.the-rathouse.com/2008/Popper-1960s-Papers.html</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>More on &#8220;Clouds and Clocks&#8221; and the role of intentions and plans here, plus an early call on situational analysis for the human sciences. <a href="http://www.the-rathouse.com/2008/Popper-1960s-Papers.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.the-rathouse.com/2008/Popper-1960s-Papers.html</a></p>
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		<title>By: Rafe Champion</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2008/02/16/entrepreneurship-and-capital-theory/#comment-69529</link>
		<dc:creator>Rafe Champion</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 16 Feb 2008 21:29:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://organizationsandmarkets.wordpress.com/?p=1378#comment-69529</guid>
		<description>Possibly he went a bit far along the line towards depicting the world in terms of clouds rather than clocks. The allusion is to a paper "On clouds and clocks" that Popper wrote to explore the way that human plans and intentions work in a universe that is supposed to be based on deterministic mechanical laws. He developed an idea of "plastic control" where the degree of order (control by the rules of the system) runs from one extreme (clouds or a school room) to the other (clocks and the solar system). But even the most rigid systems have a degree of slack (he was a physical indeterminist) and so there is scope for novelty and change, and with the evolution of human brains and language there is the opportunity for further change and novelty in traditions, organizations and markets, and also the elimination of error using the higher (critical) level of language in addition to the lower levels of expression, signalling and description. The point is that Lachmann overplayed the indeterminism card, even though he was aware of the role of plans in providing a degree of order and continuity. He probably played down the other kind of order that comes from the rules or laws that praxeology seeks to  specify.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Possibly he went a bit far along the line towards depicting the world in terms of clouds rather than clocks. The allusion is to a paper &#8220;On clouds and clocks&#8221; that Popper wrote to explore the way that human plans and intentions work in a universe that is supposed to be based on deterministic mechanical laws. He developed an idea of &#8220;plastic control&#8221; where the degree of order (control by the rules of the system) runs from one extreme (clouds or a school room) to the other (clocks and the solar system). But even the most rigid systems have a degree of slack (he was a physical indeterminist) and so there is scope for novelty and change, and with the evolution of human brains and language there is the opportunity for further change and novelty in traditions, organizations and markets, and also the elimination of error using the higher (critical) level of language in addition to the lower levels of expression, signalling and description. The point is that Lachmann overplayed the indeterminism card, even though he was aware of the role of plans in providing a degree of order and continuity. He probably played down the other kind of order that comes from the rules or laws that praxeology seeks to  specify.</p>
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		<title>By: Joe Mahoney</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2008/02/16/entrepreneurship-and-capital-theory/#comment-69526</link>
		<dc:creator>Joe Mahoney</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 16 Feb 2008 19:34:57 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Although Lachmann's (1976) Journal of Economic Literature paper on Austrian economics and the kaledic society is well known, it seems that, overall, Lachmann is under-appreciated in the history of economic thought.  Do you and/or Peter have any insights on why this is so?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Although Lachmann&#8217;s (1976) Journal of Economic Literature paper on Austrian economics and the kaledic society is well known, it seems that, overall, Lachmann is under-appreciated in the history of economic thought.  Do you and/or Peter have any insights on why this is so?</p>
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