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	<title>Comments for Organizations and Markets</title>
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	<description>Economics of organizations, strategy, entrepreneurship, innovation, and more</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2009 13:54:31 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>Comment on The Professional Strategy of the Early Austrian Economists by Richard Ebeling</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2009/07/02/the-professional-strategy-of-the-early-austrian-economists/#comment-74707</link>
		<dc:creator>Richard Ebeling</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2009 13:54:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://organizationsandmarkets.com/?p=6164#comment-74707</guid>
		<description>I would just mention that the senior members of the German Historical School were far more &quot;movement oriented.&quot; Gustav von Schmoller, for example, a leading member of the Historical School, used his influence with the Imperial German Ministry of Education to see to it that members of the Austrian School (after they began to appear on the scene in the 1880s and 1890s under the influence of first Menger and then Bohm-Bawerk and Wieser) were basically blackballed from any opportunity for a teaching position in German universities. A number of historians of economic thought have drawn attention to this.

Menger and Bohm-Bawerk would occasionally attempt to help their colleagues. Bohm-Bawerk&#039;s appointment at the University of Innsbruck was partly due to Menger&#039;s support, and the same applied to Wieser&#039;s appointment at the University of Prague.

Bohm-Bawerk, in turn, assisted Schumpeter in getting his first couple of academic appointments. 

But, in general, the German historicists were far more &quot;strategic&quot; in this sense than the Austrians in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Richard Ebeling</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I would just mention that the senior members of the German Historical School were far more &#8220;movement oriented.&#8221; Gustav von Schmoller, for example, a leading member of the Historical School, used his influence with the Imperial German Ministry of Education to see to it that members of the Austrian School (after they began to appear on the scene in the 1880s and 1890s under the influence of first Menger and then Bohm-Bawerk and Wieser) were basically blackballed from any opportunity for a teaching position in German universities. A number of historians of economic thought have drawn attention to this.</p>
<p>Menger and Bohm-Bawerk would occasionally attempt to help their colleagues. Bohm-Bawerk&#8217;s appointment at the University of Innsbruck was partly due to Menger&#8217;s support, and the same applied to Wieser&#8217;s appointment at the University of Prague.</p>
<p>Bohm-Bawerk, in turn, assisted Schumpeter in getting his first couple of academic appointments. </p>
<p>But, in general, the German historicists were far more &#8220;strategic&#8221; in this sense than the Austrians in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p>
<p>Richard Ebeling</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Professional Strategy of the Early Austrian Economists by Josh</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2009/07/02/the-professional-strategy-of-the-early-austrian-economists/#comment-74696</link>
		<dc:creator>Josh</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2009 23:09:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://organizationsandmarkets.com/?p=6164#comment-74696</guid>
		<description>Interesting post. Coincidently, I stumbled upon an AJS paper arguing that Austrian scholar networking in Eastern Europe helped the transition from communism to markets: Johanna Bockman and Gil Eyal - &quot;Eastern Europe as a Laboratory for Economic Knowledge: The Transnational Roots of Neoliberalism&quot;

Abstract:
Using Latour&#039;s concepts of &quot;actor-network&quot; and &quot;translation,&quot; the authors show that neoliberalism&#039;s success in Eastern Europe is best analyzed not as an institutional form diffused along the nodes of a network, but as itself an actor-network based on a particular trans- lation strategy that construes socialism as a laboratory of economic knowledge. They argue that socialism was made into a laboratory of economic knowledge during the socialist calculation debate of the 1920s and 1930s. An extensive debate during the Cold War is also documented and shows that a transnational network continued to be organized around attempts to connect the results obtained in the socialist laboratory with debates and struggles in Western econom- ics. Finally, the drafting of transition blueprints in postcommunist Eastern Europe after 1989, with the participation of American econ- omists, is shown to be a continuation of this transnational network.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Interesting post. Coincidently, I stumbled upon an AJS paper arguing that Austrian scholar networking in Eastern Europe helped the transition from communism to markets: Johanna Bockman and Gil Eyal &#8211; &#8220;Eastern Europe as a Laboratory for Economic Knowledge: The Transnational Roots of Neoliberalism&#8221;</p>
<p>Abstract:<br />
Using Latour&#8217;s concepts of &#8220;actor-network&#8221; and &#8220;translation,&#8221; the authors show that neoliberalism&#8217;s success in Eastern Europe is best analyzed not as an institutional form diffused along the nodes of a network, but as itself an actor-network based on a particular trans- lation strategy that construes socialism as a laboratory of economic knowledge. They argue that socialism was made into a laboratory of economic knowledge during the socialist calculation debate of the 1920s and 1930s. An extensive debate during the Cold War is also documented and shows that a transnational network continued to be organized around attempts to connect the results obtained in the socialist laboratory with debates and struggles in Western econom- ics. Finally, the drafting of transition blueprints in postcommunist Eastern Europe after 1989, with the participation of American econ- omists, is shown to be a continuation of this transnational network.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Whither Chicago Economics? by Danny L. McDaniel</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2008/06/25/whither-chicago-economics/#comment-74692</link>
		<dc:creator>Danny L. McDaniel</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:55:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://organizationsandmarkets.wordpress.com/?p=1649#comment-74692</guid>
		<description>That is the beauty of Chicago School Economics: Make what is complicated, simple; and what is simple, complicated. It is more political than economic.

Danny L. McDaniel
Lafayette, Indiana</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>That is the beauty of Chicago School Economics: Make what is complicated, simple; and what is simple, complicated. It is more political than economic.</p>
<p>Danny L. McDaniel<br />
Lafayette, Indiana</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Professional Strategy of the Early Austrian Economists by Michael F. Martin</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2009/07/02/the-professional-strategy-of-the-early-austrian-economists/#comment-74691</link>
		<dc:creator>Michael F. Martin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:47:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://organizationsandmarkets.com/?p=6164#comment-74691</guid>
		<description>As somebody who works with inventors and firms protecting intellectual property, it is completely unsurprising to hear that the folks who came up with Austrian theory were not the same folks who spread it.  Inventing and entrepreneurship require different sets of cognitive skills and experiences for success.  Although VCs tend to downplay the importance of ideas, I see this as an artifact of the trickle of good ideas relative to the flood of willing entrepreneurs, not an invariant truth about the importance of ideas relative to action in general.  Theory and experiment are part of the same feedback loop that produces innovation.  But at the level of complexity we&#039;re at now, there is and must be a division of labor between the two.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As somebody who works with inventors and firms protecting intellectual property, it is completely unsurprising to hear that the folks who came up with Austrian theory were not the same folks who spread it.  Inventing and entrepreneurship require different sets of cognitive skills and experiences for success.  Although VCs tend to downplay the importance of ideas, I see this as an artifact of the trickle of good ideas relative to the flood of willing entrepreneurs, not an invariant truth about the importance of ideas relative to action in general.  Theory and experiment are part of the same feedback loop that produces innovation.  But at the level of complexity we&#8217;re at now, there is and must be a division of labor between the two.</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Professional Strategy of the Early Austrian Economists by Shawn Ritenour</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2009/07/02/the-professional-strategy-of-the-early-austrian-economists/#comment-74690</link>
		<dc:creator>Shawn Ritenour</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2009 15:00:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://organizationsandmarkets.com/?p=6164#comment-74690</guid>
		<description>I would also recommend Joseph Salerno&#039;s article, &quot;The Rebirth of Austrian Economics--In Light of Austrian Economics,&quot; in the QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF AUSTRIAN ECONOMICS, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 111-28. It is available on-line here: http://mises.org/journals/qjae/pdf/qjae5_4_8.pdf  Salerno compellingly argues that capital and institutions are vital for the progress of an intellectual movement.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I would also recommend Joseph Salerno&#8217;s article, &#8220;The Rebirth of Austrian Economics&#8211;In Light of Austrian Economics,&#8221; in the QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF AUSTRIAN ECONOMICS, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 111-28. It is available on-line here: <a href="http://mises.org/journals/qjae/pdf/qjae5_4_8.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://mises.org/journals/qjae/pdf/qjae5_4_8.pdf</a>  Salerno compellingly argues that capital and institutions are vital for the progress of an intellectual movement.</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Professional Strategy of the Early Austrian Economists by Rafe Champion</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2009/07/02/the-professional-strategy-of-the-early-austrian-economists/#comment-74689</link>
		<dc:creator>Rafe Champion</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2009 14:11:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://organizationsandmarkets.com/?p=6164#comment-74689</guid>
		<description>People tend to do what they like and also what they are best at doing. Perhaps the great Austrian scholars liked scholarship too much to do propagand and promotion. 
We have to trade off between what we like, what we are best at and what most needs to be done; happy the person who finds that the three things coincide.
With more Austrians and fellow trvellers there is scope for more division of labour. Just recall, before about 1970 you could have thrown a blanket over most of the Austrians in the US.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>People tend to do what they like and also what they are best at doing. Perhaps the great Austrian scholars liked scholarship too much to do propagand and promotion.<br />
We have to trade off between what we like, what we are best at and what most needs to be done; happy the person who finds that the three things coincide.<br />
With more Austrians and fellow trvellers there is scope for more division of labour. Just recall, before about 1970 you could have thrown a blanket over most of the Austrians in the US.</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Professional Strategy of the Early Austrian Economists by Vedran</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2009/07/02/the-professional-strategy-of-the-early-austrian-economists/#comment-74688</link>
		<dc:creator>Vedran</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2009 13:28:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://organizationsandmarkets.com/?p=6164#comment-74688</guid>
		<description>Great Post!

I think that a lot of Austrian Economists make the mistake that they assume since Hayek, Mises, and the gang have it right on economics, they must also have the answers as to spreading the message.  But this idea is really ridiculous.

You read Hayek to find out what you should do policy wise, but you don&#039;t hire the guy to be your campaign manager.  You hire someone like Frank Luntz to help you out with that.

Also, there is the sacred cow of all think tanks and academia that good ideas have consequences.  But you look around the world and it&#039;s just blatantly not true.

And lastly, spreading the movement through academia is treated like magical fairie dust.  Just write in academic publicatioins and then this  magically filters to the rest of the population and you are saving the world by writing in places that no one reads.  This is just plain delusional.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Great Post!</p>
<p>I think that a lot of Austrian Economists make the mistake that they assume since Hayek, Mises, and the gang have it right on economics, they must also have the answers as to spreading the message.  But this idea is really ridiculous.</p>
<p>You read Hayek to find out what you should do policy wise, but you don&#8217;t hire the guy to be your campaign manager.  You hire someone like Frank Luntz to help you out with that.</p>
<p>Also, there is the sacred cow of all think tanks and academia that good ideas have consequences.  But you look around the world and it&#8217;s just blatantly not true.</p>
<p>And lastly, spreading the movement through academia is treated like magical fairie dust.  Just write in academic publicatioins and then this  magically filters to the rest of the population and you are saving the world by writing in places that no one reads.  This is just plain delusional.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Why &#8220;Doing Business&#8221; Leads to Bad Policy by Christian von Drachenfels</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2009/06/26/why-doing-business-damages-institutions/#comment-74687</link>
		<dc:creator>Christian von Drachenfels</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2009 11:57:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://organizationsandmarkets.com/?p=6140#comment-74687</guid>
		<description>Benito,

thanks for this post. As you know I share your concerns about DB. However, I think we have to acknowledge that last years DB started to reflect to a certain extent on its limitations.

Nevertheless, with regard to simplistic policy advice there is a &quot;brilliant&quot; example, which was recently posted on the DB Blog.
The simple message presented there is &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.doingbusiness.org/2009/05/smart-regulation-key-to-competitiveness.html&quot; title=&quot;Smart Regulation: Key to Competitiveness&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt; This sounds very nice but taking a look at the argument of the post I&#039;d like to question very much what the DB-Team is trying to sell us here. 

They refer to  WEF&#039;s Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) and argue: &lt;cite&gt;&quot;economies rank best in the Doing Business are among the most competitive around the globe. In fact, 19 out of the 25 best performing economies from Doing Business 2008 and 17 from Doing Business 2009 are ranked among the 25 most competitive economies in the Global Competitiveness Report 2008-2009.&quot;&lt;/cite&gt;

But actually the GCI consists - for good reason - of various other indicators and not just of the &quot;institutions&quot; pillar. 
Actually further comparing the ranking of 181 countries in Doing Business 2009 (DB) and the ranking of 134 countries in the GCI 08/09 it is easy to find cases, which from my point of view, rather seem to illustrate that DB cannot explain much with regard to economic development and competitiveness. Look at these discrepancies: 
India           DB:122 GCI: 50 
China         DB: 83  GCI: 30 
Costa Rica DB:117 GCI: 59 
Georgia      DB: 15  GCI: 90 

Let me also point to another aspect. Take two other statements in the post: 

&lt;cite&gt;“Smart regulation is not about regulating less”&lt;/cite&gt; and &lt;cite&gt;”It is therefore not surprising that economies rank best in the Doing Business are among the most competitive around the globe.”&lt;/cite&gt; We should remind ourselves that Doing Business actually ranks those economies top, which are regulating less – so DB is to a significant extent about regulating less. 

As it reads in the evaluation of the Independent Evaluation Group (p.6): “Seven of the 10 DB indicators exhibit a preference for less regulation—3 most notably: employing workers, paying taxes, and dealing with licenses.&quot;

Well, we&#039;ll see what DB 2010 brings.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Benito,</p>
<p>thanks for this post. As you know I share your concerns about DB. However, I think we have to acknowledge that last years DB started to reflect to a certain extent on its limitations.</p>
<p>Nevertheless, with regard to simplistic policy advice there is a &#8220;brilliant&#8221; example, which was recently posted on the DB Blog.<br />
The simple message presented there is <a href="http://blog.doingbusiness.org/2009/05/smart-regulation-key-to-competitiveness.html" title="Smart Regulation: Key to Competitiveness" rel="nofollow">here.</a> This sounds very nice but taking a look at the argument of the post I&#8217;d like to question very much what the DB-Team is trying to sell us here. </p>
<p>They refer to  WEF&#8217;s Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) and argue: <cite>&#8220;economies rank best in the Doing Business are among the most competitive around the globe. In fact, 19 out of the 25 best performing economies from Doing Business 2008 and 17 from Doing Business 2009 are ranked among the 25 most competitive economies in the Global Competitiveness Report 2008-2009.&#8221;</cite></p>
<p>But actually the GCI consists &#8211; for good reason &#8211; of various other indicators and not just of the &#8220;institutions&#8221; pillar.<br />
Actually further comparing the ranking of 181 countries in Doing Business 2009 (DB) and the ranking of 134 countries in the GCI 08/09 it is easy to find cases, which from my point of view, rather seem to illustrate that DB cannot explain much with regard to economic development and competitiveness. Look at these discrepancies:<br />
India           DB:122 GCI: 50<br />
China         DB: 83  GCI: 30<br />
Costa Rica DB:117 GCI: 59<br />
Georgia      DB: 15  GCI: 90 </p>
<p>Let me also point to another aspect. Take two other statements in the post: </p>
<p><cite>“Smart regulation is not about regulating less”</cite> and <cite>”It is therefore not surprising that economies rank best in the Doing Business are among the most competitive around the globe.”</cite> We should remind ourselves that Doing Business actually ranks those economies top, which are regulating less – so DB is to a significant extent about regulating less. </p>
<p>As it reads in the evaluation of the Independent Evaluation Group (p.6): “Seven of the 10 DB indicators exhibit a preference for less regulation—3 most notably: employing workers, paying taxes, and dealing with licenses.&#8221;</p>
<p>Well, we&#8217;ll see what DB 2010 brings.</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Professional Strategy of the Early Austrian Economists by Doutrinação anaeróbica versus Ciência &#171; De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2009/07/02/the-professional-strategy-of-the-early-austrian-economists/#comment-74686</link>
		<dc:creator>Doutrinação anaeróbica versus Ciência &#171; De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2009 11:29:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://organizationsandmarkets.com/?p=6164#comment-74686</guid>
		<description>[...] austríaca, metodologia econômica trackback  Interessantíssimo texto do Peter Klein. Reproduzo um trecho. It is necessary to correct the misunderstandings that can be called forth by using the expression [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] austríaca, metodologia econômica trackback  Interessantíssimo texto do Peter Klein. Reproduzo um trecho. It is necessary to correct the misunderstandings that can be called forth by using the expression [...]</p>
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		<title>Comment on Does Macroeconomic Theory Influence Macroeconomic Policy? by Greg Ransom</title>
		<link>http://organizationsandmarkets.com/2009/06/30/does-macroeconomic-theory-influence-macroeconomic-policy/#comment-74681</link>
		<dc:creator>Greg Ransom</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2009 04:45:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://organizationsandmarkets.com/?p=6166#comment-74681</guid>
		<description>The influence of Foster and Catchings on Hoover was direct -- he wrote the approving introduction to one of their books.

F &amp; C also influenced Sen. Wagner &amp; FDR -- as well as most economists in America.

It can even be argued that Keynes is simply a British/Marshall interpretation of F &amp; C.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The influence of Foster and Catchings on Hoover was direct &#8212; he wrote the approving introduction to one of their books.</p>
<p>F &amp; C also influenced Sen. Wagner &amp; FDR &#8212; as well as most economists in America.</p>
<p>It can even be argued that Keynes is simply a British/Marshall interpretation of F &amp; C.</p>
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